發布日期：2022-07-14 點擊率：53
美國半導體產業協會(SIA)已推出一本經經授權的正規芯片分銷商清單手冊,希望能通過多方連手制止假冒芯片流入市場。該網站和一個配套的手冊標識著SIA在打擊假貨宣傳方面邁出了一小步。SIA目前已同多方開戰,包括中國的大量假冒芯片供應商。
通常會將假冒芯片改頭換面,然后以次充好牟取暴利。沒有人知道具體有多少假冒芯片,但是SIA通過其成員公司了解到了很多驚人的消息。
有一家成員公司在過去三年有看到100個非連續的產品編號。另一家成員公司則報告了發生在過去三年的19起案子,涉及芯片數量達97,000片。還有一家成員公司在過去兩年時間內4次見證海關人員查獲該公司的假冒偽造芯片,且每次查獲的冒牌芯片數量在6,000 ~60,000片。
德州儀器全球安全主管兼SIA打假工作組負責人John Sullivan 指出:“在過去兩年時間里,我們發現的很多(冒牌)元器件有很多將被用于航空電子設備。”
盡管到目前為止沒有因假冒偽造芯片而導致空難或其它生命悠關設備發生故障的報道。但這些假冒偽造芯片就像是定時炸彈,尤其在軍事系統也越來越多地采用零售芯片的情況下。Sullivan表示:“假冒偽造芯片這個問題真的有必要上升到國家安全、人民財產和生命安全的高度。”
為了扭轉這一局面,SIA強調將授權分銷商購買芯片作為唯一購買渠道的重要性。分銷商Rochester Electronics自告奮勇通過郵件收集整理了一本關于主要芯片制造商和授權分銷商的冊子,Rochester Electronics還將建立一個用于公布這些信息的網站。
Rochester創始人兼執行長Curt Gerrish表示:“它(這部冊子)將成為元器件采購商們的參考指南。”
SIA公共策略副總Daryl Hatano 表示:“正是他們(分銷商)將假冒偽造芯片的情況上報給我們,并且積極推動了打假工作組的成立。”
Hatano表示,網站的網頁內容目前仍在維護中,目前僅有60家主要芯片生產商的10家的分銷商清單。SIA希望能在接下來的兩周時間內將其補充完整。
這部冊子目前尚未所收集到完整的授權分銷商清單(即便是大公司的授權分銷商也沒收集完全)。包括在內Hitachi和Toyota在內的公司在TI的授權分銷商清單上榜上有名,但是沒有提供電話或網站訪問信息而僅提供了這些公司的聯系部門。
Sullivan 表示:“現在僅是草稿的第二版,因為第一版草稿的漏洞非常多。目前并沒有確定聯絡手冊的完結版本 。”
SIA也很清楚,即使等這些數據全部到位了也不能完全保證不會從被授權的銷售商那里買到假貨。Hatano表示:“我們不能100%地保證所有授權分銷售商都不會悄悄地賣假貨。”
芯片經紀商們可能會對下面的假設感到生氣:“不通過芯片經紀商購買芯片是避免買到假貨的對策之一。”
“正規的經紀商供應渠道是必要的,但是也有很多經紀商并不關心他們的芯片來源 ”,Sullivan指出絕大部分假冒偽造芯片都是通過中介商售出的。
經紀商們則稱他們對幫助系統制商獲得他們所缺的元器件發揮著重要作用,并且他們可以更低價格供應相同零部件。目前已有多家經紀商參與成立獨立分銷商聯盟(IDEA)----一個旨在制定標準和進行授權芯片測試的非盈利性組織,積極支持打假。
獲得僅有芯片制商和其認可的分銷商可以提供的產品授權是確保芯片為正品的另一種途徑。合格證書也有一定作用,盡管這些證書也可能被造假。
深圳假貨猖獗
據SIA稱,在廣東深圳有很多家組裝系統級產品的公司,而深圳是最大的假冒偽造芯片發源地之一。
Sullivan指出,深圳有上百家小型的不正規分銷商和少數幾家大型的不正規分銷商,他本人曾私下去過這些地方并偷偷拍下了其中一部分銷商的照片,包括一個有很多種重新貼標芯片和系統產品大型商場。
“我像是來到了一個大型商場,到處都是電子假冒偽造品。但是如果你拿著照像機在這兒公開轉悠,那是很危險的。”
深圳的一家分銷商發往美國的貨物在進行檢測時發現有61%的是假貨。“而這只是冰山一角”。
Sullivan認為發生在中國的芯片冒牌造假是“家庭作坊式”,是“一種落后的文化,因為它在最初富裕了地方經濟,所以人們對它睜一只眼閉一只眼,但是現在他們開始意識到他們將要自食苦果。”
SIA正和執法部門連手地區政府打擊假貨。截止目前,為了促進合法生意,中國的電子信息部門在1月份推出了一項認證規范本地分銷商的措施,約有18家公司參與。
“所以問題在于他們到底有多積極”,Sulliva指出,“如果他們(深圳政府)要引吸投資,就必須將假冒偽造產品掃地出門。”
為了多方面打擊假貨。有多家銷售服務公司提出了對電子產品貼安全、加密驗證碼。這樣購買者就能根據單個產品的驗證碼訪問芯片制造商所提供的安全服務器來驗證產品的真偽。
為了使這一舉措得到廣泛推廣,SIA正在這一區域率先行動。Hatano 表示,“我們希望能在今年底制定出一個標準。”
翻頁查看英文原文:
Web site aims to limit channels for fake chips
SIA creates "phonebook," seeks China crackdown
Rick Merritt
The Semiconductor Industry Association has launched a directory of authorized silicon distributors as part of an ongoing effort to attack what it says is a rising problem in chip counterfeiting. The Web site and an associated manual mark small steps in education about a problem the SIA is fighting on several fronts, including China where huge stores of fake goods operate freely.
The fake chips are often rebranded parts claiming greater performance than they actually have to earn the sellers a fast profit. No one has accurate numbers on the size of the counterfeiting problem, but the SIA shares several anecdotes from its members. 銷售商們
One company has seen fakes of 100 separate part numbers appear in the last three years. Another member reported 19 cases involving 97,000 chips. A third has seen customs officials seize fake versions of its chips four times in the past two years, each seizure capturing between 6,000 to 60,000 chips.
"Over the last two years many of the components we have found were destined for use in avionics, many of them in military applications," said John Sullivan, chairman of the SIA's Anti-Counterfeiting Task Force and director of worldwide security for Texas Instruments.
No crashes or other catastrophic failures of life-critical systems have been attributed to fake chips to date, but the threat looms, especially as military systems increasingly use off-the-shelf silicon. "This problem is really rising to the level of national security, public health and safety," said Sullivan.
To counteract the trend, the SIA is stressing the importance of buying chips only from authorized distributors. Distributor Rochester Electronics volunteered to put together a manual of major chip manufacturers and their authorized distributors available upon request by email. It is also creating a Web site where it will post the information.
"This will be the phonebook for purchasers of components," said Curt Gerrish, founder and chief executive of Rochester (Newburyport, Mass.).
"They were the ones who brought this counterfeiting issue to our attention and really were a catalyst in forming the task force," said Daryl Hatano, vice president of public policy for the SIA.
The Web directory is still under construction with listings available for only about 10 of sixty major chipmakers. The group hopes to round out the effort in the next couple weeks, Hatano said.
The directory currently provides incomplete listings of authorized distributors even for established giants. The TI listing, for example, includes companies such as Hitachi and Toyota listed as authorized distributors but provides no phone or Web contact information about just what parts of those companies to contact.
"This is not a final product, but a second draft at this point. The first draft had so many holes you could drive a Mac truck through it," said Sullivan.
The SIA is clear that even when the data is all in place it will not come with any guarantee buyers won't ever get fake products from authorized dealers. "We can't say 100 percent of authorized distributors are not passing on counterfeit product inadvertently," said Hatano.
Chip brokers may chafe at the underlying assumption here that as a way to avoid counterfeits buyers should not use their services.
"There's a need for a legitimate broker supply chain, but there is also a proliferation of people who turn a blind eye to where their chips are coming from," said Sullivan, adding that most fake chips are sold through brokers.
Brokers say they serve an important role helping system makers get parts that are out of stock or offering lower prices in some cases. To address concerns about counterfeiting, some have joined to form groups such as the Independent Distributors of Electronics Association (IDEA), a non profit trade group that develops standards and processes for testing the authenticity of chips.
Getting a product warranty, something only chip makers and their authorized dealers can offer, is another way to assure chips are authentic. Certificates of compliance are also useful, although they, too, can be forged, Sullivan said.
Fake shops in Shenzhen
Shenzhen, the capital of China's Guangdong Province where many companies assemble system-level products, is one of the biggest sources of counterfeit chips, according to the SIA.
Hundreds of small and a few large illicit dealers operate routinely here, said Sullivan. He visited and secretly took pictures of some of them including a large warehouse with a wide variety of re-labeled chips and systems.
"It's like going to a big department story, a Macy's for electronic fakes. But if you get caught with a camera in there it can be worth your life," he said.
One distributor in Shenzhen had 61 percent of the goods it shipped to the U.S. examined and found to be counterfeit. "This is the tip of the iceberg," said Sullivan.
He described the rebranding in China as a "cottage industry" and a "throw back to an older culture that fuels the local economy so people have turned a blind eye to it, but now they are realizing it is hurting them," he said.
The SIA is working with enforcement groups that lobby the regional authorities to crack down on the fakes. To promote legitimate businesses, China's electronics ministry kicked off a program in January to certify local distributors with about 18 companies taking part so far.
"It's a question so of how aggressive they want to be," said Sullivan. "The only way they are going to get investment into Shenzhen is by clearing up this mess," he added.
In another effort to address counterfeiting, A number of service companies have been promoting the idea of labeling semiconductor shipments with secure, encrypted codes. The scheme would let buyers check the contents of individual shipments against information on secure servers at the chip maker's office.
To accelerate adoption of such a process, the SIA is helping spearhead standards efforts in the area. "We are hoping we can get a standard finished by the end of the year," Hatano said.
